Physico-chemical characterisation and classification of fruits of Dacryodes edulis from the major agro-ecological zones of Cameroon

Introduction. A study of accessions from the major production areas of Dacryodes edulis (Don) Lam. (Burseraceae) in Cameroon was carried out in order to assess the impact of pedoclimatic parameters and genetic factors on the characteristics and the classification of the fruits. The work focused on statistical analysis of fruit morphological and chemical parameters to distinguish accessions. Materials and methods. The fruits were collected from five localities of Cameroon (Obala, Boumyebel, Makenene, Njombe and Kekem). Twenty-six characters, among which were eleven quantitative morphological, nine qualitative morphological and six chemical characters, were the object of a correlation analysis, a principal component analysis and hierarchical classification. Results. Among the twenty-six characters studied, eighteen presented interesting morpho-chemical characters to discriminate the accessions. The fruit quantitative morphological characters were not significantly different, while the qualitative morphological and chemical characters showed significant differences for the localities concerned. A principal component analysis and hierarchical classification distinguished three major groups at a genetic distance of between 5.70 and 6.92: group I consists of accessions from Makenene and Kekem, discriminated by five characters (lipids, protein, grain colour, texture and colour of the mesocarp); group II consists of accessions from Njombe and Obala and was discriminated by six characters (weight of fruits, amino acids, sugars, phenols, epicarp colour and shape of grains); group III consists of the accession from Boumyebel and was discriminated by seven characters (fruit length and diameter; [fruit diameter / fruit length] ratio; weight of fruit, mesocarp and grain; and mesocarp thickness). Discussion and conclusion. Like agro-forestry species such as Ricinodendron heudelotii and Irvingia gabonensis, D. edulis presents intra-specific variations that are related to pedoclimatic conditions and genetic factors.