期刊
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
卷 14, 期 -, 页码 2889-2903出版社
BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH INST-BRI
DOI: 10.2741/3420
关键词
HTLV-1; Persistent Viral Infection; Ctl; Dynamics; Retrovirus; Immune Response; Review
资金
- Wellcome Trust (UK)
- Sixth Research Framework Programme of the European Union, Project INCA [LSHC-CT-2005-018704]
- Medical Research Council [G0401616, G0601072] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0401616, G0601072] Funding Source: UKRI
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in the protective immune response to human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). Here we consider two questions. First, what determines the strength of an individual's HTLV-1-specific CTL response? Second, what controls the rate of expression of HTLV-1 in vivo, which is greater in patients with HAM/TSP than in asymptomatic carriers with the same proviral load? Recent evidence shows that FoxP3(+)CD4(+) T cells are abnormally frequent in HTLV-1 infection, and the frequency of these cells is inversely correlated with the rate of CTL lysis of HTLV-1-infected cells, suggesting that FoxP3(+)CD4(+) cell frequency is an important determinant of the outcome of HTLV-1 infection. There is also new evidence that the rate of expression of HTLV-1 in vivo is associated with the transcriptional activity of the flanking host genome. We suggest that the frequencies of HTLV-1-infected T cell clones in vivo are determined by a dynamic balance between positive and negative selection forces that differ among the clones because of the distinct integration site of the HTLV-1 provirus in each clone.
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