期刊
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
卷 13, 期 -, 页码 709-717出版社
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/2713
关键词
acute phase response; anti-inflammatory drug; astrocytes; chemokines; complement; cytokines; inflammation; interleukins; microglia; minocycline; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Pd; proteinopathy; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF; review
The inflammatory response in the brain associated with most chronic neurodegenerative diseases is termed neuroinflammation. Neuropathological and neuroradiological studies indicate that in certain neurodegenerative disorders neuroinflammation may be detectable years before significant loss of neurons occurs. In this review, we discuss the evidence from human studies and experimental models that implicate neuroinflammatory processes in the progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, the hallmark of Parkinson's Disease (PD). We discuss the neurotoxic role of microglia-derived inflammatory mediators which are suspected to hasten the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons, in particular the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and its downstream signaling pathways. We also entertain the possibility that chronic microglia activation links proteinopathies to neurodegeneration. The rationale for current and future use of anti-inflammatory approaches to protect vulnerable neuronal populations in PD is also reviewed.
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