期刊
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
卷 256, 期 12, 页码 2046-2057出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.033
关键词
Natural pruning; Knottiness; Branch occlusion; Generalized models; Mixed models; Fagus sylvatica
类别
The aim of this study was to develop models on occluded branch characteristics for Fagus sylvatica (beech) based on 41 sample trees. A total of 717 beech branches were sampled; this information was then used to predict (1) the time for a complete occlusion, (2) the total radius of the occluded branch inside the trunk, (3) the branch insertion angle at the year of its death and during branch development, and (4) the dead branch portion of the occluded branch (loose knot). Generalized hierarchical mixed models with nonlinear forms were used in this analysis. The models explained between 6.3 and 52.2% of the total variance (including random effects 23.8-77.1%). The diameter of the occluded branch and the stem radial increment played dominant roles as predictors. Larger branches showed a significantly longer occlusion time, a larger occluded branch radius, a steeper insertion angle, and a higher loose knot portion. Simulations showed a biologically reasonable overall behavior of the models. The residual variation was tolerable for integrating the models into a growth simulation system. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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