Detection of GM soybean in food products by simultaneous employment of three pairs of PCR primers

Genetically modified soybean was explored in food samples, labeled as non-GM and unlabeled, using multiplex PCR and Real-time PCR techniques. In total 110 (2006) and 237 food samples (2007) containing soybean were analyzed. The 7% of the products were shown to consist of material derived from the Roundup Ready soybean in 2006 and 13% of the foods samples in 2007. The most of analyzed samples were correctly labeled, but ten of food products are demonstrated to contain material above the threshold levels for labeling of 0.9%. This is the first report of the validity of labels on imported food samples from different countries and uptake of GM food derived from soybean into the food chain in Serbia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.