Changes in skeletal muscle proteolytic gene expression after prophylactic supplementation of EGCG and NAC and eccentric damage

Purpose: The impact of prophylactic supplementation of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on intramuscular expression of proteolytic genes after unaccustomed eccentric muscle contractions was investigated. Methods: Thirty apparently healthy males (mean +/- SD: 20.0 +/- 1.8 years, 175 +/- 7.1 cm, 76.1 +/- 16.9 kg) ingested daily either 1800 mg of NAC or 1800 mg of EGCG (98% total polyphenols, 80% total catechins, and 50% EGCG), or 1000 mg of a glucomannan placebo (PLA) in a double blind, prophylactic fashion for 14 days. Subjects then completed an unaccustomed eccentric exercise bout (100 repetitions at 30 degrees s(-1)) using the dominant knee extensors. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis at baseline and both 6 and 24 h after exercise. The expression of proteolytic genes [i.e., muscle ring-finger 1 (MuRF1), atrogin-1, alpha-type 20S 20S subunit C2 (HC2), alpha-type 20S subunit C3 (HC3), ubiquitin protein ligase 3B (UBE3B), mu-calpain, and m-calpain] was quantified using real-time RT-PCR. Separate 3 x 3 (group x time) repeated measures ANO-VAs were used to analyze changes in gene expression over time between groups. Results: No significant group x time interactions were detected between groups for the expression of any of the atrogenes or calpains (p > 0.05). Significant main effects for time identified increases in MuRF1 (6 h: 5.3 +/- 10.8 fold; p = 0.046), UBE3B (6 h:5.3 +/- 7.7 fold; p = 0.006; 24 h: 3.3 +/- 4.5 fold; p = 0.005), and m-calpain expression (6 h: 2.7 +/- 4.4 fold; p = 0.045) in all participants following exercise. Increases approached significance in HC2 (6 h: 1.9 +/- 2.4 fold; p = 0.079; 24 h: 1.6 +/- 1.9 fold; p = 0.084) and m-calpain expression (24 h; 1.8 +/- 2.3 fold; p = 0.084) following exercise. Conclusions: Prophylactic supplementation of NAC and EGCG did not impact acute changes in skeletal muscle proteolytic gene expression following eccentric exercise. Eccentric muscle contractions elevated MuRF1 and UBE3B, while m-calpain and HC2 mRNA tended to increase. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.