期刊
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
卷 50, 期 2, 页码 232-237出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.062
关键词
13-Desmethyl spirolide C; 13,19-Didesmethyl spirolide C; 20-Methyl spirolide G; Intraperitoneal toxicity; Oral toxicity; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem
资金
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain [AGL2007-60946/ALI, SAF2009-12581, AGL2009-13581-CO2-01, TRA2009-0189, AGL2010-17875]
- Xunta de Galicia, Spain [GRC 2010110, PGIDT07CSA012261PR, PGDIT 07MMA006261PR, PGIDIT (INCITE) 09MMA003261PR, 2009/XA044, 2009/053, 2008/CP389, 10PXIB261254]
- EU [211326 - CP (CONffIDENCE), 265896 BAMMBO, 265409 muAQUA, 262649 BEADS]
- Atlantic Area Programme [2008-1/003, 2009-1/117]
- FEDER
Spirolides are a kind of marine toxins included in the cyclic imine toxin group and produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. This study shows for the first time a complete and detailed description about the symptoms observed in mice when these toxins were intraperitoneal (i.p.) administered. It is also compared the i.p. toxicity of 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMeC), 13,19-didesMeC (13,19-didesMeC) and 20-methyl spirolide G (20-Me-G) in experiments performed with highly purified toxins. The bioassay indicates that 13-desMeC and 13,19-didesMeC are extremely toxic compounds which have a LD50 of 27.9 mu g/kg and 32.2 mu g/kg, respectively. However, when 20-MeG was i.p administrated with dose up 63.5 mu g/kg, no deaths were recorded. In order to evaluate the oral toxicity, spirolides were administered by gastric intubation into mice. Then, samples of blood, urine and faeces were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem (LC-MS/MS) technique. Spirolides appear in blood at 15 min and in urine after 1 h of being toxin administered. In summary, in this paper, it is provided new data about the toxicity, absorption, and excretion of spirolides in mouse. So far, little information is available on this item but necessary for spirolide regulation in the European Union (EU). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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