期刊
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
卷 41, 期 2, 页码 380-388出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.022
关键词
Toll-like receptors; Bacteria; Fish; Ligand specificity; TLR signaling pathways
资金
- Plan for Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan Province [124100510017]
- Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talent in the Universities of Henan Province [2011HASTIT012]
- Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province [14IRTSTHNO13]
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize the conserved molecular structure of pathogens and trigger the signaling pathways that activate immune cells in response to pathogen infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first and best characterized innate immune receptors. To date, at least 20 TLR types (TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5M, 5S, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26) have been found in more than a dozen of fish species. However, of the TLRs identified in fish, direct evidence of ligand specificity has only been shown for TLR2, TLR3,TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR9, TLR21, and TLR22. Some studies have suggested that TLR2, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR9, and TLR21 could specifically recognize PAMPs from bacteria. In addition, other TLRs including TLR1, TLR4, TLR14, TLR18, and TLR25 may also be sensors of bacteria. TLR signaling pathways in fish exhibit some particular features different from that in mammals. In this review, the ligand specificity and signal pathways of TLRs that recognize bacteria in fish are summarized. References for further studies on the specificity for recognizing bacteria using TLRs and the following reactions triggered are discussed. In-depth studies should be continuously performed to identify the ligand specificity of all TLRs in fish, particularly non-mammalian TLRs, and their signaling pathways. The discovery of TLRs and their functions will contribute to the understanding of disease resistance mechanisms in fish and provide new insights for drug intervention to manipulate immune responses. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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