Evaluating fire blocking performance of barrier fabrics

A series of evaluations were performed on different types of barrier fabrics (BFs) used in soft furnishings. Fundamental properties that influence the heat transfer characteristics of barrier material as it relates to thermal protection of cushioning components in upholstered products are discussed. This is important to enable a priori selection of BFs such that a final upholstered product complies with flammability regulations. Heat transfer measurements are used to determine effectiveness of materials to be used as barrier materials. A new bench-scale composite test method is also described to assess qualitative fire blocking performance of BFs. When tested for heat transfer characteristics, the area density and thickness of BFs show strong influence. However, when tested as a composite in a mock-up assembly, the BFs considered in this study showed a clear distinction between active and passive BFs. In the case of chemically active BFs, the construction parameters and material properties such as thickness, air permeability, and heat transfer were of little significance. In the case of passive BFs, however, these parameters became decisive. Results from this study suggest that if the BF is not an active fire barrier, then the amount of heat transferred through BF is critical. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.