Lack of nitrogen as a causing agent of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii intermittent blooms in a small tropical reservoir

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is the focus of many studies due to its toxicity and increasing blooms frequency. The comprehension of the factors that might trigger these blooms is fundamental for the maintenance of good freshwater quality. To better understand the autoecology of C.raciborskii and to identify the factors controlling its dominance, general limnological features were evaluated in Pedalinhos reservoir, Brazil. Samplings were performed monthly between 2011 and 2013. Although C.raciborskii is considered a relatively perennial species in the tropics, it presented an interesting nonunimodal variation, with biovolume varying from 0 to c. 30mm(3)L(-1) in short time intervals (<30days). These temporal trends allowed the evaluation of the isolated effects of nonclimatic variables. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was connected with several variables, but nitrogen was the major determinant of its dynamics. Blooms were observed when dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was scarce (<50gL(-1)), mainly in relation to the availability of phosphorus and total-N (DIN:total-P<3 and DIN:total-N<0.04). This paper contributes to establish strategies to avoid C.raciborskii blooms, suggesting that a management in P levels would be not sufficient. It is necessary to consider N availability to avoid its dominance in the reservoir.