Progress in the development of genetic immunization

Despite its young life, genetic immunization (GI) has seen both fame and infamy. Initially under the limelight because of its appeal as a simple method of delivering vaccines, some experiments displayed disappointing immune potency and, consequently, excitement dimmed. Newer focus on the flexibility of GI, afforded by its foundation in molecular biology, has recently rekindled activity in the field. Approached as a recombinant DNA technology, deficiencies become addressable. Unlike any other subunit vaccine modality, such as protein or carbohydrate, DNA is chemically simple, stable, consistent, easily amplified and the base material of a vast array of bioconstruction and biocontrol techniques. GI provides scientists with a simple platform for merging other disciplines, such as molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, chemistry, informatics and microbiology, into the development of superior vaccine products.