Biodegradable 'intelligent' materials in response to physical stimuli for biomedical applications

Background: Stimuli-responsive materials that undergo dramatic changes in physical-chemical properties in response to mild physical changes in environmental conditions are attracting increasing interest because of their potential application in biomedical fields. Biodegradable materials are highly desired for most biomedical applications in vivo, such as transient implants, drug-delivery carriers, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomedical systems that are both biodegradable and stimuli-responsive have therefore been studied intensively and significant progress in this field has been achieved. Objective/methods: This review summarizes the development of biodegradable 'intelligent' materials in response to physical stimuli and their potential biomedical applications. A detailed analysis of publications and patents on such materials in recent years is presented. Results/conclusion: Although biodegradable stimuli-responsive materials are highly attractive for biomedical applications, most such materials are currently at a developmental research stage. Additionally, single stimulus-responsive property limits the practical applications of these materials. To achieve more favorable applications for these materials, further efforts are still necessary, especially for developing multi-stimuli-responsive functions of materials and improving the stimuli-responsive properties of such materials in a biological environment. Bearing in mind the great prospect of these biodegradable stimuli-responsive materials, we hope that this review will help in the future development of stimuli-responsive polymers or systems that could be reliably employed in biomedical applications.