Update on atomoxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Background: Atomoxetine, an inhibitor of, the presynaptic transporter of norepinephrine, was approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 6 years and older, adolescents and adults in the USA in 2002, and in Europe, first in the UK and then by mutual recognition in several countries during 2003 and 2004. Since that time, the use of atomoxetine has spread globally and extensive additional research has been conducted evaluating its efficacy and safety. Objective: The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the available data on atomoxetine, with an emphasis on postmarketing clinical research, which is helping to clarify the role of this agent in ADHD pharmacotherapy. Methods: Recent as well as long-term safety and efficacy data are reviewed, with an emphasis on comparison with long-acting psychostimulants, ADHD in special populations and in patients with psychiatric comorbidities. Results/conclusion: Atomoxetine is an effective acute and long-term pharmacotherapy for ADHD, and may play a particular role in the treatment of patients with comorbid disorders and those who have failed or are unable to tolerate stimulants.