Emerging therapy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Importance of the field: Over the last few decades, advances in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy have led to long-term survival rates of >80% in children; however, comparable rates have yet to be achieved in adults, and a large majority of patients relapse from their disease. Areas covered in this review: The review describes historical therapy and advancements in ALL treatment over the past few decades, while providing a concise review of the future direction of ALL therapy. Literature was collected through peer reviewed journals and the Pharmaprojects drug profile for ALL. What the reader will gain: Current information regarding prognostic factors for relapse, salvage therapy options and emerging drugs are provided in the review. Take home message: Development of new drugs with novel mechanisms, unique formulations of existing medications, as well as manipulation of current combinations of drugs remain vital to the success in adult ALL.