Numerical investigation of MHD water-based nanofluids flow in porous medium caused by shrinking permeable sheet

In this work, a numerical method is applied to investigate the magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of several nanofluids caused by a shrinking sheet in a porous medium. The influences of several parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, suction parameter, and the Hartmann number on the heat transfer rate, velocity, and temperature profiles and also skin friction are presented and studied. In addition, it is observed that by increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction, the temperature profile, skin friction, and Nusselt number increase, while the velocity profile has not changed remarkably.