Polymorphisms in two genes, IL-1B and ACE, are associated with erythropoietin resistance in Korean patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Genetic polymorphisms may be linked to inter-individual differences in erythropoietin (EPO) resistance. We investigated the -511C/T polymorphism of the IL-1B gene and the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene for any association with EPO resistance index (ER1) in maintenance hemodialysis patients (n =167). Because EPO responsiveness is multi-factorial, we also included other possible influences (age, sex, time on dialysis, ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use, ferritin, transferrin saturation, intact PTH, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, albumin, Kt/V, and presence of diabetes mellitus) on ERI in our analyses. Multiple regression analysis showed significant association of the IL-1B-511CC and ACE DD polymorphisms with ERI (P = 0.038 and P = 0.004 in the recessive model, respectively). The combination (C) of alleles of two loci showed that C1 (I-T) was significantly associated with ERI in the co-dominant and recessive models (P = 0.005 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Subjects who did not carry C1 showed significantly decreased ERI (10.10 +/- 5.15 IU/kg weight/g hemoglobin) compared to other study subjects (C1/C1 and C1/-; 12.97 +/- 4.90 and 15.12 +/- 7.43 IU/kg weight/g hemoglobin, respectively). Our study indicates that the IL-1B-511 C/T and ACE I/D polymorphisms may be useful genetic markers of EPO requirement in hemodialysis patients. These findings might also provide a new perspective on therapeutic approaches to the treatment of end stage renal disease patients with anemia.