Nonhomeostatic Control of Human Appetite and Physical Activity in Regulation of Energy Balance

BORER, K.T. Nonhomeostatic control of human appetite and physical activity in regulation of energy balance. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 114-121, 2010. Ghrelin and leptin, putative controllers of human appetite, have no effect on human meal-to-meal appetite but respond to variations in energy availability. Nonhomeostatic characteristics of appetite and spontaneous activity stem from inhibition by leptin and ghrelin of brain reward circuit that is responsive to energy deficit, but refractory in obesity, and from the operation of a meal-timing circadian clock.