期刊
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
卷 6, 期 4, 页码 673-689出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/eva.12054
关键词
freshwater colonization; natural selection; osmoregulation; phenotypic plasticity; range limits; reaction norm; starvation resistance
资金
- National Science Foundation [DEB-0745828, DEB-1050565]
- Department of Zoology
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1046372] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Saline to freshwater invasions have become increasingly common in recent years. A key hypothesis is that rates of freshwater invasions have been amplified in recent years by increased food concentration, yet this hypothesis has remained unexplored. We examined whether elevated food concentration could enhance freshwater tolerance, and whether this effect evolves following saline to freshwater invasions. We examined physiological response to salinity and food concentration in a 2x2 factorial design, using ancestral brackish and freshwater invading populations of the copepod Eurytemora affinis. We found that high food concentration significantly increases low-salinity tolerance. This effect was reduced in the freshwater population, indicating evolution following the freshwater invasion. Thus, ample food could enable freshwater invasions, allowing subsequent evolution of low-salinity tolerance even under food-poor conditions. We also compared effects of food concentration on freshwater survival between two brackish populations from the native range. Impacts of food concentration on freshwater survival differed between the brackish populations, suggesting variation in functional properties affecting their propensity to invade freshwater habitats. The key implication is that high food concentration could profoundly extend range expansions of brackishwater species into freshwater habitats, potentially allowing for condition-specific competition between saline invaders and resident freshwater species.
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