期刊
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
卷 30, 期 4, 页码 229-237出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.02.004
关键词
Social exchange; Cooperation; In-group bias; Prisoner's dilemma; Coalitional psychology
资金
- Japan Foundation for the Promotion of Science
Men exhibit a stronger tendency to favor the in-group over the out-group compared to women. We examined whether this male-specific coalitional psychology represents in-group love or out-group hate. One hundred thirty-three college freshmen played a prisoner's dilemma game with a member of their own group and a member of another group. Both groups consisted of same-sex participants. An in-group bias (cooperation with the in-group at a level higher than cooperation with the out-group) based on expectations of cooperation from the in-group was observed for both men and women. When such expectations were experimentally eliminated, women did not show any in-group bias, whereas men still exhibited an in-group bias. This male-specific in-group bias was found to be a product of intragroup cooperation (in-group love) rather than a product of intergroup competition (out-group hate). These findings suggest that the male-specific coalitional psychology caters more toward the promotion of within-group solidarity than aggression against the out-group. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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