期刊
EVOLUTION
卷 66, 期 4, 页码 1059-1078出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01494.x
关键词
Aves; correlated evolution; morphological convergence; morphological evolution; phylogenetic comparative methods; skeletal pneumaticity
资金
- Field Museum of Natural History
- National Science Foundation [ANT-0838925, DEB-0808250]
- M. Chapman Memorial Fund
- University of Chicago
- University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Division
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [0838925] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Extensive skeletal pneumaticity (air-filled bone) is a distinguishing feature of birds. The proportion of the skeleton that is pneumatized varies considerably among the >10,000 living species, with notable patterns including increases in larger bodied forms, and reductions in birds employing underwater pursuit diving as a foraging strategy. I assess the relationship between skeletal pneumaticity and body mass and foraging ecology, using a dataset of the diverse waterbird clade that encompasses a broad range of trait variation. Inferred changes in pneumaticity and body mass are congruent across different estimates of phylogeny, whereas pursuit diving has evolved independently between two and five times. Phylogenetic regressions detected positive relationships between body mass and pneumaticity, and negative relationships between pursuit diving and pneumaticity, whether independent variables are considered in isolation or jointly. Results are generally consistent across different estimates of topology and branch lengths. Predictive analyses reveal that several pursuit divers (loons, penguins, cormorants, darters) are significantly apneumatic compared to their relatives, and provide an example of how phylogenetic information can increase the statistical power to detect taxa that depart from established trait correlations. These findings provide the strongest quantitative comparative support yet for classical hypotheses regarding the evolution of avian skeletal pneumaticity.
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