期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
卷 23, 期 2, 页码 332-339出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks044
关键词
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资金
- World Health Organization
- Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources Programme of the European Commission [QLG4-CT-2001-0196]
- U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism/National Institutes of Health [R21 AA012941, R01 AA015775]
- German Federal Ministry of Health
- Pan American Health Organization
- Swiss national funds
- World Health Organization, Argentina
- National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia [398500]
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut, Austria
- Pan American Health Organization, Belize
- Foundation for the Support of Sao Paulo State Research (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP), Brazil [01/03150-6]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Canada
- World Health Organization, Costa Rica
- Ministry of Health, Czech Republic [MZ 23752]
- Danish Medical Research Council, Denmark
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland
- National Institute of Prevention and Heath Education (INPES), France
- German Federal Ministry of Health (BMGS), Germany
- Institute for Therapy Research, Munich, Germany
- Alcohol Education and Research Council, European Forum for Responsible Drinking, University of the West of England, Bristol, Great Britain
- Ministry of Youth and Sport, Hungary
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Council, Public Health Institute of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- World Health Organization, India
- Anti Drugs Authority of Israel, Israel
- Centro Alcologico, Florence Health Agency, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Italy
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan [13410072]
- World Health Organization, Kazakhstan
- Ministry of Health, Mexico, Office of Antinarcotics Issues, Mexico
- US Embassy in Mexico
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico
- National Council Against Addictions, Mexico
- General Directorate of Epidemiology and Subsecretary of Prevention and Control of Diseases, Ministry of Health, Mexico
- Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Netherlands
- Otago University Research Grant, New Zealand
- Pan American Health Organization, Nicaragua
- World Health Organization, Nigeria
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Norway
- Direccion General de Atencion a la Dependencia, Conselleria de Sanidad, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain
- Comisionado do Plan de Galicia sobre Drogas, Conselleria de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Spain
- Direccion General de Drogodependencias y Servicios Sociales, Gobierno de Cantabria
- World Health Organization, Sri Lanka
- Ministry for Social Affairs and Health, Sweden
- Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, Switzerland [01.0366]
- Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Switzerland
- University of North Dakota, Switzerland [254, 2, 4153- 0425]
- World Health Organization, Uganda
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism/National Institutes of Health, USA [P50 AA05595]
- World Health Organization, Uruguay
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [13410072] Funding Source: KAKEN
Background: International comparisons of social inequalities in alcohol use have not been extensively investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of country-level characteristics and individual socio-economic status (SES) on individual alcohol consumption in 33 countries. Methods: Data on 101 525 men and women collected by cross-sectional surveys in 33 countries of the GENACIS study were used. Individual SES was measured by highest attained educational level. Alcohol use measures included drinking status and monthly risky single occasion drinking (RSOD). The relationship between individuals' education and drinking indicators was examined by meta-analysis. In a second step the individual level data and country data were combined and tested in multilevel models. As country level indicators we used the Purchasing Power Parity of the gross national income, the Gini coefficient and the Gender Gap Index. Results: For both genders and all countries higher individual SES was positively associated with drinking status. Also higher country level SES was associated with higher proportions of drinkers. Lower SES was associated with RSOD among men. Women of higher SES in low income countries were more often RSO drinkers than women of lower SES. The opposite was true in higher income countries. Conclusion: For the most part, findings regarding SES and drinking in higher income countries were as expected. However, women of higher SES in low and middle income countries appear at higher risk of engaging in RSOD. This finding should be kept in mind when developing new policy and prevention initiatives.
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