期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
卷 722, 期 -, 页码 95-107出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.050
关键词
Bacterial toxin; Staphylococcal enterotoxin; Emesis; Superantigen; Serotonin; Mast cell; Neuron
Pathogenic bacteria use various strategies to interact with the host organisms. Among them, toxin production constitutes an efficient way to alter specific functions of target cells. Various enterotoxins interact with the enteric nervous system, by stimulating afferent neurons or inducing neurotransmitter release from enterochromaffin cells which result either in vomiting, diarrhea, or in the intestinal inflammation process. Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide variety of toxins including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with demonstrated emetic activity; and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like (SEl) proteins, which are not emetic in a primate model or have yet to be tested. SEs and SEls have been traditionally subdivided into classical (SEA to SEE) and new (SEG to SElX) types. These toxins possess superantigenic activity and are highly resistant to denaturation which allows them to remain intact in contaminated foods and trigger Food poisoning outbreaks. Symptoms are of rapid onset, and include nausea and violent vomiting. SEA is the most recognizable toxin causing Food poisoning in humans throughout the world. However, it remains unclear how SEs induce emesis and via which signal pathway. This review is divided into four parts, and will focus on the following: (1) how bacterial toxins interact with the nervous system, (2) biological characteristics of SEs and SEls, (3) mechanisms of SE-induced emesis, and (4) use of a vaccine for the prevention of SE-induced emesis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据