期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
卷 599, 期 1-3, 页码 11-17出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.017
关键词
Withaferin A; Nitric oxide; iNOS; NF-kappa B; Akt
资金
- Korea Science & Engineering Foundation [R13-2002-028-03001-0]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [R13-2002-028-03001-0] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production is thought to have beneficial immunomodulatory effects in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, withaferin A inhibited LPS-induced expression of both iNOS protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the mechanism by which withaferin A inhibits iNOS gene expression, we examined activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt in Raw 264.7 cells. We did not observe any significant changes in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in cells treated with LPS alone or LPS plus withaferin A. However, LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation was markedly inhibited by withaferin A, while the phosphorylation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) was slightly inhibited by withaferin A treatment. Withaferin A prevented I kappa B phosphorylation, blocking the subsequent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and inhibiting its DNA binding activity. LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation, which is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt pathways, was attenuated by withaferin A treatment. Moreover, LPS-induced NO production and NF-kappa B activation were inhibited by SH-6, a specific inhibitor of Akt. Taken together, these results suggest that withaferin A inhibits inflammation through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression, at least in part, by blocking Akt and subsequently down-regulating NF-kappa B activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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