期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
卷 52, 期 3, 页码 1029-1038出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0409-2
关键词
Food matrix effect; Procyanidins; Plasma; Tissue distribution
资金
- CENIT program from the Spanish Minister of Industry
- La Morella Nuts S.A.U. (Reus, Catalonia, Spain)
- Shirota Functional Foods, S.L.
- KRAFT
- BTSA, Biotecnologias Aplicadas, S.L.
- Seleccion Batalle, S.A.
- Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A.
- Neuron Bio Pharma, S.A.
- Grupo Leche Pascual, S.A.U.
- Innaves, S.A.
- Catalan Government (Interdepartmental Commission for Research and Technological Innovation) through the A. Serra grant
Procyanidins are extensively metabolized via phase-II and microbial enzymes. However, their distribution in the body is not well characterized. This study investigates the distribution of procyanidins (monomers and dimers) and their phase-II metabolites in plasma and tissues (thymus, heart, liver, testicle, lung, kidney, spleen and brain). Wistar rats were fed with 1 g of cocoa cream (CC), 50 mg of procyanidin hazelnut skin extract (PE) and 50 mg PE in 1 g CC (PECC). The rats were killed at 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 18 h after gavage, and the plasma and tissues were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Epicatechin-glucuronide was the main metabolite in the plasma after the CC intake, with C (max) at 423 nM and t (max) at 2 h, and methyl catechin-glucuronide (301 nM, 2 h) was the main metabolite in the plasma after the PE intake. As a result of the PECC enrichment, epicatechin-glucuronide (452 nM, 1.5 h) and catechin-glucuronide (297 nM, 2 h) were the main metabolites in the plasma. Methyl catechin-glucuronide was found in the liver after PE (8 nmol/g tissue, 4 h) and PECC (8 nmol/g, 1.5 h). The kidney was found to contain a high concentration of phase-II metabolites of procyanidins and is therefore thought to be the main site of metabolism of the compounds. Methyl catechin-sulfate (6.4 nmol/g, 4 h) was only quantified in the brain and after PE intake. Catechin metabolites were not found in the spleen or heart. Phenolic acids were detected in all tissues. The formulation of a product enriched or fortified with procyanidins is a way to increase their bioavailability, with clear effects on the plasmatic pharmacokinetics, and a greater accumulation of phenolic metabolites in such tissues as the liver, kidney, lung and brain.
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