期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 30, 期 5, 页码 735-741出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06873.x
关键词
alpha-synuclein; enteric nervous system; Lewy bodies; Parkinson's disease
资金
- Fondation de France, CECAP
- ADPLA (association des parkinsoniens de Loire Atlantique)
- Groupement de Parkinsoniens de Vendee, France Parkinson and Inserm/DHOS
- Fondation de France
- CECAP
- ADPLA
- Groupement de Parkinsoniens de Vendee
- France Parkinson
- Inserm/DHOS
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. It has been classically considered that the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, namely Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, affect primarily the substantia nigra. Nevertheless, it has become increasingly evident in recent years that Parkinson's disease is a multicentric neurodegenerative process that affects several neuronal structures outside the substantia nigra, among which is the enteric nervous system. Remarkably, recent reports have shown that the lesions in the enteric nervous system occurred at a very early stage of the disease, even before the involvement of the central nervous system. This led to the postulate that the enteric nervous system could be critical in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, as it could represent a route of entry for a putative environmental factor to initiate the pathological process (Braak's hypothesis). Besides their putative role in the spreading of the pathological process, it has also been suggested that the pathological alterations within the enteric nervous system could be involved in the gastrointestinal dysfunction frequently encountered by parkinsonian patients. The scope of the present article is to review the available studies on the enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease patients and in animal models of the disease. We further discuss the strategies that will help in our understanding of the roles of the enteric nervous system, both in the pathophysiology of the disease and in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal symptoms.
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