期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
卷 41, 期 9, 页码 2477-2481出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141783
关键词
Alternative activation; Epigenetics; Macrophages; Signal transduction; Tolerance
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health, U.S.A
Acute inflammatory activation of macrophages by Toll-like and related receptors is characterized by transient activation of MAPK-, NF-kappa B- and IRF-mediated signaling pathways and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. This activation state is inherently unstable and often transitions into a state of 'tolerance' characterized by diminished signaling, repressive chromatin modifications, and an alternative gene expression program. This Viewpoint describes signaling and epigenetic mechanisms associated with transition to tolerant states, which are proposed to correspond to alternative activation states programmed by the original inflammatory stimuli.
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