Tissue kallikrein deficiency aggravates cardiac remodelling and decreases survival after myocardial infarction in mice

Background: Tissue kallikrein (TK) is a major kinin-releasing enzyme present in arteries. TK is involved in cardioprotection in the setting of acute myocardial ischaemia but its role in post-ischaemic heart failure (HF), a major cause of delayed mortality after myocardial infarction (MI), is unknown. Aim: To determine whether TK deficiency in the mouse influences survival and cardiac remodelling after MI. Methods: MI was induced in 10 week-old male TK-deficient mice and wild-type littermates. Survival was assessed up to 14 months. Cardiac morphological and functional parameters were serially measured by echocardiography. In another experiment, myocardial capillary density and NOS content were evaluated at 3 months. Results: Infarct size was similar in both genotypes. MI resulted in severe cardiac dysfunction. Up to 12 months after MI, TK-/- mice displayed an increased mortality rate (P<0.05, relative risk of death = 3.41) and aggravation of left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation by comparison with TK+/+ (+18% and +27% respectively, both P<0.05). NOS1 and NOS3 were abnormally regulated in the heart of TK-/- mice after MI. Conclusions: TK exerts a protective role in HF in mice. Coronary effects are probably involved. As partial genetic deficiency in TK activity occurs in humans, TK-deficient subjects may be at increased risk of mortality in HF. (C) 2008 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.