期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
卷 63, 期 -, 页码 S37-S60出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.74
关键词
dietary carbohydrates; dietary sugars; dietary starch; dietary fibre; EPIC; 24-h dietary recall
资金
- European Commission
- Ligue contre le Cancer (France)
- Societe 3M (France)
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- Institut National de la Santeet de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Institut Gustave Roussy
- German Cancer Aid
- German Cancer Research Center
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- Danish Cancer Society
- Health Research Fund (FIS
- Spanish Ministry of Health
- Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias
- Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra and the Catalan Institute of Oncology
- ISCIII RETIC Spain [RD06/0020]
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council, UK
- Stroke Association, UK
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health, UK
- Food Standards Agency, UK
- Wellcome Trust, UK
- Greek Ministry of Health
- Hellenic Health Foundation
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer
- Italian National Research Council, Regione Sicilia (Sicilian government
- Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica-ONLUS (Hyblean association for epidemiological research, NPO)
- Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Research Council
- Regional Government of Skane and the County Council of Vasterbotten, Sweden
- Norwegian Cancer Society
- the Norwegian Research Council and the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation
- University of Sydney, a Research Scholar
- Cancer Institute NSW
- NHMRC Public Health Research Australia [520018]
Objective: To describe dietary carbohydrate intakes and their food sources among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 subjects, aged between 35-74 years, were administered a standardized, 24-h dietary recall using a computerized interview software programme (EPIC-SOFT). Intakes (g/day) of total carbohydrate, sugars, starch and fibre were estimated using the standardized EPIC Nutrient Database (ENDB). Mean intakes were adjusted for age, total energy intake, height and weight, and were weighted by season and day of recall. Results: Adjusted mean total carbohydrate intakes were highest in Italy and in the UK health-conscious cohort, and were lowest in Spain, Greece and France. Total fibre intakes were highest in the UK health-conscious cohort and lowest in Sweden and the UK general population. Bread contributed the highest proportion of carbohydrates (mainly starches) in every centre. Fruit consumption contributed a greater proportion of total carbohydrates (mainly sugars) among women than among men, and in southern centres compared with northern centres. Bread, fruits and vegetables represented the largest sources of fibre, but food sources varied considerably between centres. In stratified analyses, carbohydrate intakes tended to be higher among subjects who were physically active, never-smokers or non-drinkers of alcohol. Conclusions: Dietary carbohydrate intakes and in particular their food sources varied considerably between these 10 European countries. Intakes also varied according to gender and lifestyle factors. These data will form the basis for future aetiological analyses of the role of dietary carbohydrates in influencing health and disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S37-S60; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.74
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