Social determinants associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in southern Cote d'Ivoire

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the association between different social determinants of health at the local scale and Giardia duodenalis infection in diverse settlements in southern Cote d'Ivoire. Stool samples from 306 individuals aged 1-16 years were collected from six rural villages and a small town. Five variables were categorized to classify the increasing risk levels of acquiring intestinal parasites. Giardia prevalences (%) and odds ratios (ORs) were evaluated. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation coefficients and to propose predictive models based on social determinants to forecast the risk of giardiasis. The overall observed prevalence of Giardia was 21.6 %. When the analysis was conducted at the local level, the percentage of infected people varied from a minimum of 12.7 up to 36.4 %. A significant association (p<0.001) was found between the selected social determinants and G. duodenalis prevalence in the different localities. Correlation and regression analyses allowed us to describe two predictive models to estimate the OR of Giardia transmission. This study helps to clarify the possible impact of different social determinants of health on the risk of giardiasis at the local scale. Both predictive models could be suitable in order to assess the likelihood of the transmission of intestinal parasitic infection in developing countries.