Preoperative patient optimization using extracorporeal life support improves outcomes of INTERMACS Level I patients receiving a permanent ventricular assist deviceaEuro

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) Level I patients have the highest early mortality after ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. This is determined by the exposure of patients in shock with acutely damaged end-organs and high catecholamine support to a significant surgical trauma. We report our experience with a bridge-to-bridge concept consisting of initial veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and deferral of VAD implantation to recovery of end-organ function in INTERMACS Level I patients. We reviewed the concept of initial ECLS implantation and deferral of VAD implantation to end-organ recovery in 22 consecutive patients (mean age 54 +/- 14 years; 72.2% males; 50% ischemic cardiomyopathy; 100% INTERMACS Level I; 18.2% Heartmate II, 68.2% Heartware HVAD, 4.5% Heartware BiVAD, 9.1% DeBakey LVAD) receiving a VAD for refractory cardiogenic shock between June 2004 and February 2013. Study endpoints were end-organ recovery during ECLS and survival. ECLS significantly improved renal (creatinine 1.86 +/- 0.91 vs 1.32 +/- 0.52aEuro integral mg/dl, P = 0.02), hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase 1426 +/- 2176 vs 277 +/- 259aEuro integral U/l, P = 0.04; alanine aminotransferase 982 +/- 1466 vs 357 +/- 447aEuro integral U/l, P = 0.04) and pulmonary functions (fraction of inspired oxygen 52 +/- 18 vs 26 +/- 23%, P < 0.01; positive end-expiratory pressure 7 +/- 3 vs 5 +/- 4aEuro integral mbar, P = 0.02) over a period of 8 +/- 7 days. Catecholamines could be reduced during ECLS (levosimendan 0.056 +/- 0.085 vs 0.010 +/- 0.032aEuro integral mu g/kg/min, P = 0.06; dobutamine 4.362 +/- 5.268 vs 0.056 +/- 0.097aEuro integral mu g/kg/min, P = 0.06; noradrenaline 0.408 +/- 0.355 vs 0.056 +/- 0.097aEuro integral mu g/kg/min, P < 0.01). Thirty-day and in-hospital mortality after VAD implantation were 4.5 and 9.1%, respectively, and 1-year survival was 86.4%. Preoperative patient optimization using ECLS improves outcomes of INTERMACS Level I patients receiving a permanent VAD.