Adsorption of sulfate ions by soils (A Review)

The literature data on the adsorption of sulfates by soils were reviewed. Factors affecting the adsorption of sulfates and the major mechanisms of sulfate adsorption were considered, including the most important of them: the ligand exchange with the formation of surface outer-and innersphere complexes and the Coulomb interaction with the surface of mineral particles. Equations describing the adsorption isotherms of sulfates are given; some methods for the mathematical simulation of sulfate ion behavior in the soil solid phase-soil solution system are discussed.