Electromembrane-surrounded solid-phase microextraction coupled to ion mobility spectrometry for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A rapid screening method in complicated matrices

A new robust method of electromembrane-surrounded solid-phase microextraction coupled to ion mobility mass spectrometry was applied for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs determination in complex matrices. This is the first time that a graphene/polyaniline composite coating is applied in electromembrane-surrounded solid-phase microextraction method. The home made graphene/polyaniline composite is characterized by a high electrical conductivity and thermal stability. The variables affecting electromembrane-surrounded solid-phase microextraction, including extraction time; applied voltage and pH were optimized through chemometric methods, central composite design, and response surface methodology. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection of 0.04 and 0.05 ng/mL were obtained for mefenamic acid and ibuprofen, respectively. The feasibility of electromembrane-surrounded solid-phase microextraction followed by ion mobility mass spectrometry was successfully confirmed by the extraction and determination of low levels of ibuprofen and mefenamic acid in human urine and plasma samples and satisfactory results were obtained.