期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 157, 期 10, 页码 2722-2730出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.033
关键词
Residual anti-bacterial activity; Photolysis; Difloxacin; Sarafloxacin; Fluoroquinolones; Photolytic products
资金
- German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) [FOR 566]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany
Fluoroquinolones like difloxacin (DIF) and sarafloxacin (SARA) are adsorbed in soil and enter the aquatic environment wherein they are subjected to photolytic degradation. To evaluate the fate of DIF and SARA, their photolysis was performed in water under stimulated natural sunlight conditions. DIF primarily degrades to SARA. On prolonged photodegradation, seven photoproducts were elucidated by HR-LC-MS/MS, three of which were entirely novel. The residual anti-bacterial activities of DIF, SARA and their photoproducts; were studied against a group of pathogenic strains. DIF and SARA revealed potency against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The photoproducts also exhibited varying degrees of efficacies against the tested bacteria. Even without isolating the individual photoproducts, their impact on the aquatic environment could be assessed. Therefore, the present results call for prudence in estimating the fate of these compounds in water and in avoiding emergence of resistance in bacteria caused by the photoproducts of DIF and SARA. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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