期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 157, 期 11, 页码 3083-3090出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.044
关键词
Spatial outlier; Cross-validation; Geographically weighted regression; Local Moran's I; Urban soil
资金
- Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STRIVE [2007-S-LS-1-S1]
- Sichuan University, China
- Environmental Protection Agency Ireland (EPA) [2007-S-LS-1-S1] Funding Source: Environmental Protection Agency Ireland (EPA)
Outliers in urban soil geochemical databases may imply potential contaminated land. Different methodologies which can be easily implemented for the identification of global and spatial outliers were applied for Pb concentrations in urban soils of Galway City in Ireland. Due to its strongly skewed probability feature, a Box-Cox transformation was performed prior to further analyses. The graphic methods of histogram and box-and-whisker plot were effective in identification of global outliers at the original scale of the dataset. Spatial outliers could be identified by a local indicator of spatial association of local Moran's I, cross-validation of kriging, and a geographically weighted regression. The spatial locations of outliers were visualised using a geographical information system. Different methods showed generally consistent results, but differences existed. It is suggested that outliers identified by statistical methods should be confirmed and justified using scientific knowledge before they are properly dealt with. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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