Total gaseous concentrations in mercury in Seoul, Korea: Local sources compared to long-range transport from China and Japan

Total gaseous mercury (TGM) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured every 5 min and hourly, respectively, in Seoul, Korea, from February 2005 through December 2006. The mean concentrations of TGM and CO were 3.44 +/- 2.13 ng m(-3) and 613 +/- 323 ppbv, respectively. TGM and CO concentrations were highest during the winter and lowest during the summer. In total, 154 high TGM concentration events were identified: 86 were classified as long-range transport events and 68 were classified as local events. The TGM and CO concentrations were well correlated during all long-range transport events and were weakly correlated during local events. Five-day backward trajectory analysis for long-range transport events showed four potential source regions: China (79%), Japan (13%), the Yellow Sea (6%), and Russia (2%). Our results suggest that measured Delta TGM/Delta CO can be used to identify long-range transported mercury and to estimate mercury emissions from long-range transport. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.