期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
卷 119, 期 11, 页码 1616-1621出版社
US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103639
关键词
air pollution; cardiovascular disease; lung cancer; mortality; particulate matter; smoking
资金
- California Air Resources Board
- Brigham Young University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Chair in Risk Science at the University of Ottawa
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
- automobile and engine manufacturing industry
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks increase with smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS), and exposure to fine particulate matter < 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5) from ambient air pollution. Recent research indicates that the exposure-response relationship for CVD is non-linear, with a steep increase in risk at low exposures and flattening out at higher exposures. Comparable estimates of the exposure-response relationship for lung cancer are required for disease burden estimates and related public health policy assessments. OBJECTIVES: We compared exposure-response relationships of PM2.5 with lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality and considered the implications of the observed differences for efforts to estimate the disease burden of PM2.5. METHODS: Prospective cohort data for 1.2 million adults were collected by the American Cancer Society as part of the Cancer Prevention Study II. We estimated relative risks (RRs) for increments of cigarette smoking, adjusting for various individual risk factors. RRs were plotted against estimated daily dose of PM2.5 from smoking along with comparison estimates for ambient air pollution and SHS. RESULTS: For lung cancer mortality, excess risk rose nearly linearly, reaching maximum RRs > 40 among long-term heavy smokers. Excess risks for CVD mortality increased steeply at low exposure levels and leveled off at higher exposures, reaching RRs of approximately 2-3 for cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure-response relationship associated with PM2.5 is qualitatively different for lung cancer versus cardiovascular mortality. At low exposure levels, cardiovascular deaths are projected to account for most of the burden of disease, whereas at high levels of PM2.5, lung cancer becomes proportionately more important.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据