期刊
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
卷 64, 期 -, 页码 98-109出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.009
关键词
Estrogen; Threshold; In vitro assay; Environmental risk assessment; Waste water treatment plant
资金
- Czech Science Foundation [GACR P503/12/0553]
- Canada Research Chair program, a Visiting Distinguished Professorship in the Department of Biology and Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong
- High Level Foreign Experts program [GDW20123200120]
- State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, the P.R. China
- Einstein Professor Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
In vitro assays are broadly used tools to evaluate the estrogenic activity in Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluents and their receiving rivers. Since potencies of individual estrogens to induce in vitro and in vivo responses can differ it is not possible to directly evaluate risks based on in vitro measures of estrogenic activity. Estrone, 17beta-estradiol, 17alfa-ethinylestradiol and to some extent, estriol have been shown to be responsible for the majority of in vitro estrogenic activity of municipal WWTP effluents. Therefore, in the present study safe concentrations of Estrogenic Equivalents (EEQs-SSE) in municipal WWTP effluents were derived based on simplified assumption that the steroid estrogens are responsible for all estrogenicity determined with particular in vitro assays. EEQs-SSEs were derived using the bioassay and testing protocol-specific in vitro potencies of steroid estrogens, in vivo predicted no effect concentration (PNECs) of these compounds, and their relative contributions to the overall estrogenicity detected in municipal WWTP effluents. EEQs-SSEs for 15 individual bioassays varied from 0.1 to 0.4 ng EEQ/L. The EEQs-SSEs are supposed to be increased by use of location-specific dilution factors of WWTP effluents entering receiving rivers. They are applicable to municipal wastewater and rivers close to their discharges, but not to industrial waste waters. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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