Effect of photoperiod experienced by parents on diapause induction in Trichogramma cacoeciae

In the genus Trichogramma, the prepupal stage can survive the cold season in diapause. However, optimal conditions for the induction of this cessation of development during the process of mass production of the parasitoid in a biological control program depend on the species. In Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), diapause is induced more easily if the parents are reared under short-day conditions (L10:D14), and if the temperature is 10 degrees C rather than 13 degrees C. However, the effect of parental photoperiod on diapause induction is weaker at lower temperatures (10 degrees C). Following diapause induction, individuals can be stored at 3 degrees C for several months, up to 1 year. Non-optimal conditions led to the establishment of a quiescent state in some or all individuals. In such cases, it was necessary to reduce the storage period to 1 or 2 months only, to prevent high mortality rates and low fecundity.