期刊
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
卷 21, 期 3, 页码 470-484出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2007.05.006
关键词
multi-robot systems; cooperative control; Q-learning; genetic algorithms; intelligent transportation; multi-agent systems; autonomous robots
This paper presents a machine-learning approach to the multi-robot coordination problem in an unknown dynamic environment. A multi-robot object transportation task is employed as the platform to assess and validate this approach. Specifically, a flexible two-layer multi-agent architecture is developed to implement multi-robot coordination. In this architecture, four software agents form a high-level coordination subsystem while two heterogeneous robots constitute the low-level control subsystem. Two types of machine learning-reinforcement learning (RL) and genetic algorithms (GAs)-are integrated to make decisions when the robots cooperatively transport an object to a goal location while avoiding obstacles. A probabilistic arbitrator is used to determine the winning output between the RL and GA algorithms. In particular, a modified RL algorithm called the sequential Q-learning algorithm is developed to deal with the issues of behavior conflict that arise in multi-robot cooperative transportation tasks. The learning-based high-level coordination subsystem sends commands to the low-level control subsystem, which is implemented with a hybrid force/position control scheme. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptivity of the developed approach. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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