期刊
ENERGY POLICY
卷 67, 期 -, 页码 364-377出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.052
关键词
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging; Deterministic optimization model; Variability reduction
资金
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Excellence in Engineering Research Fellowship
We consider a deterministic integer programming model for determining the optimal operations of multiple plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery exchange stations over time. The operations include the number of batteries to charge, discharge, and exchange at each point in time over a set time horizon. We allow discharging of batteries back to the power grid, through vehicle-to-grid technology. We incorporate the exchange station's dependence on the power network, transportation network, and other exchange stations. The charging and discharging at these exchange stations lead to a greater amount of variability which creates a less predictable and flat power generation curve. We introduce and test three policies to smooth the power generation curve by balancing its load. Further, tests are conducted evaluating these policies while factoring wind energy into the power generation curve. These computational tests use realistic data and analysis of the results suggest general operating procedures for exchange stations and evaluate the effectiveness of these power flattening policies. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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