CO2 capture and separation technologies for end-of-pipe applications - A review

Carbon capture from point source emissions has been recognized as one of several strategies necessary for mitigating unfettered release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. To keep GHGs at manageable levels, large decreases in CO2 emissions through capturing and separation will be required. This article reviews the possible CO2 capture and separation technologies for end-of-pipe applications. The three main CO2 capture technologies discussed include post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxyfuel combustion techniques. Various separation techniques, such as chemical absorption, physical absorption, physical adsorption, cryogenics, membrane technology, membranes in conjunction with chemical absorption and chemical-looping combustion (CLC) are also thoroughly discussed. Future directions are suggested for application by oil and gas industry. Sequestration methods, such as geological, mineral carbonation techniques, and ocean dump are not covered in this review. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.