期刊
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 40, 期 3, 页码 461-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2011.06.001
关键词
IGF-I; Estradiol; Ductal morphogenesis; Progesterone; TGF-beta
Mammary development begins in puberty in response to an estrogen (E(2)) surge. E(2) does not act alone. It relies on pituitary growth hormone (GH) to induce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) production in the mammary stromal compartment. In turn, IGF-I permits E(2) (and progesterone) action. During puberty, E(2) and IGF-I synergize for ductal morphogenesis. During pregnancy, progesterone joins IGF-I and E(2) to stimulate secretory differentiation necessary to produce milk. Prolactin stimulates milk production, while transforming growth factor-beta inhibits proliferation. The orchestrated action of hormones, growth factors, and receptors necessary for mammary development and function are also critical in breast cancer.
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