期刊
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
卷 4, 期 10, 页码 1097-1111出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201462
关键词
ADAM; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta; alpha-secretase; thioredoxin
资金
- Swedish Brain Power foundation
- Alzheimerfonden
- Anders Otto Swards Stiftelse
- Gun och Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse
- Insamlingsstiftelsen for Alzheimer och demensforskning (SADF)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation
- Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor
- Spanish foundation 'Ramon Areces'
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an endogenous dithiol reductant and antioxidant that was shown to be decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. A truncated form of Trx1, thioredoxin 80 (Trx80), was reported to be secreted from monocytes having cytokine activity. Here, we show that Trx80 is present in human brain in an aggregated form. Trx80 localizes mainly to neurons and is dramatically decreased in AD brains. Trx80 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlate with those of the classical AD biomarkers amyloid-beta (A beta) 1-42 and total tau. Moreover, Trx80 measurements in CSF discriminate between patients with stable mild cognitive impairment, prodomal AD and mild AD. We report that ADAM10 and 17, two alpha-secretases processing the A beta precursor protein, are responsible for Trx80 generation. In contrast to the periphery, Trx80 has no pro-inflammatory effects in glia, either by itself or in combination with A beta or apolipoprotein E. Instead, Trx80 inhibits A beta(1-42) aggregation and protects against its toxicity. Thus, a reduction in Trx80 production would result in increased A beta polymerization and enhanced neuronal vulnerability. Our data suggest that a deficit in Trx80 could participate in AD pathogenesis.
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