期刊
EMBO JOURNAL
卷 37, 期 17, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899238
关键词
apoptosis; BAX/BAK; cGAS-STING; mitochondria; mtDNA
资金
- BBSRC [BB/K008374/1, BB/K017314/1]
- Cancer Research UK Programme Foundation Award [C40872/A20145]
- NIH [GM123266]
- Centre for Ageing and Vitality - BBSRC
- Centre for Ageing and Vitality - EPSRC
- Centre for Ageing and Vitality - ESRC
- Centre for Ageing and Vitality - MRC as part of the cross-council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative
- BBSRC [BB/K008374/1, BB/K017314/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/L016354/1, MR/K01563X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
During apoptosis, pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK are activated, causing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP), caspase activation and cell death. However, even in the absence of caspase activity, cells usually die following MOMP. Such caspase-independent cell death is accompanied by inflammation that requires mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activation of cGAS-STING signalling. Because the mitochondrial inner membrane is thought to remain intact during apoptosis, we sought to address how matrix mtDNA could activate the cytosolic cGAS-STING signalling pathway. Using super-resolution imaging, we show that mtDNA is efficiently released from mitochondria following MOMP. In a temporal manner, we find that following MOMP, BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane pores gradually widen. This allows extrusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane into the cytosol whereupon it permeablises allowing mtDNA release. Our data demonstrate that mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation (MIMP) can occur during cell death following BAX/BAK-dependent MOMP. Importantly, by enabling the cytosolic release of mtDNA, inner membrane permeabilisation underpins the immunogenic effects of caspase-independent cell death.
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