Recent developments in capillary EKC based on carbon nanoparticles

This paper provides an overview of the use of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as pseudostationary phases (PSPs) in EKC. Specifically, it describes the characteristics and properties of the major types of CNPs used as PSPs in EKC separations, namely C-60 fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and covalently modified carbon nanotubes. Based on such properties, a plausible mechanism for the interactions governing EKC separation with these materials is proposed. Also, the most salient uses of CNPs as PSPs are outlined. Finally, CNPs are compared in terms of performance with other well-established types of nanostructures used to enhance selectivity in EKC over the past decade.