期刊
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
卷 82, 期 -, 页码 302-308出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.129
关键词
Olivine; Sol-gel synthesis; Chelating agents; Aqueous battery
资金
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP1092543]
- Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) [11133]
- Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia [AS113/HRIR 4065]
Olivine (LiCo1/3Mn1/3Ni1/3PO4) powders were synthesized at 550-600 degrees C for 6 h in air by a sol-gel method using multiple chelating agents and used as a cathode material for rechargeable batteries. Range of chelating agents like a weak organic acid (citric acid - CA), emulsifier (triethanolamine - TEA) and non-ionic surfactant (polyvinylpyrrolidone - PVP) in sal-gel wet chemical synthesis were used. The dependence of the physicochemical properties of the olivine powders such as particle size, morphology, structural bonding and crystallinity on the chelating agent was extensively investigated. Among the chelating agents used, unique cycling behavior (75 mAh/g after 25 cycles) is observed for the PVP assisted olivine. This is due to volumetric change in trapped organic layer for first few cycles. The trapped organic species in the electrode-electrolyte interface enhances the rate of lithium ion diffusion with better capacity retention. In contrast, CA and TEA showed a gradual capacity fade of 30 and 38 mAh/g respectively after multiple cycles. The combination of all the three mixed chelating agents showed an excellent electrochemical behavior of 100 mAh/g after multiple cycles and the synergistic effect of these agents are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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