Preparation and electrochemical performance studies on Cr-doped Li3V2(PO4)(3) as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Cr-doped Li3V2-xCrx(PO4)(3)/C (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1) compounds have been prepared using sol-gel method. The Rietveld refinement results indicate that single-phase Li3V2-xCrx(PO4)(3)/C with monoclinic structure can be obtained. Although the initial specific capacity decreased with Cr content at a lower current rate, both cycle performance and rate capability have excited improvement with moderate Cr-doping content in Li3V2-xCrx(PO4)(3)/C. Li3V1.9Cr0.1(PO4)(3)/C compound presents an initial capacity of 171.4 mAh g(-1) and 78.6% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.2C rate. At 4C rate, the Li3V1.9Cr0.1(PO4)(3)/C can give an initial capacity of 130.2 mAh g(-1) and 10.8% capacity loss after 100 cycles where the Li3V2(PO4)(3)/C presents the initial capacityr of 127.4 mAh g(-1) and capacity loss of 14.9%. Enhanced rate and cyclic capability may be attributed to the optimizing particle size, carbon coating quality, and structural stability during the proper amount of Cr-doping (x=0.1) in V sites. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.