Formation of open-ended nickel hydroxide nanotubes on three-dimensional nickel framework for enhanced urea electrolysis

Open-ended alpha-Ni(OH)(2) nanotubes grown on three-dimensional (3D) Ni framework were prepared by hydrolysis of nickel chloride in the presence of hexagonal ZnO nanorods. The urea electrolysis was investigated by voltammetry and chronoamperometry in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Macroporous conductive Ni substrate provided fast ion, gas, and electron transport within the electrode. The open-ended nanotubes resulted in an increase in the effective surface area, and therefore more active sites were exposed to electrolyte for urea electrolysis. 3D Ni framework with attached Ni(OH)(2) nanotube arrays exhibited a much higher current density than that with attached Ni(OH)(2) film during urea electrolysis. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.