Protein Based Electrochemical Biosensors for H2O2 Detection Towards Clinical Diagnostics

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a diverse array of physiological and pathological effects within the living cells depending on the extent, timing, and location of its production. Detection of H2O2 is important in food industry, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring at lowest levels. Electrochemical biosensors are efficient as they can analyze biological sample by direct conversion into an electrical signal. Electrochemical sensors based on direct electron transfer (DET) of proteins were developed to achieve fast electron transfer by avoiding free-diffusing redox species with improved sensitivity. We summarize the prerequisites for the DET of proteins for immobilization on the electrode surfaces with recent developments in development of H2O2 sensors and future prospects in this field.