Sensitivity and Particle Swarm Optimization-based Congestion Management

In the competitive electricity market, it is not always possible to discharge all contracted power transactions due to congestion in one or more transmission lines. In most cases, the independent system operator tries to remove congestion by rescheduling output power of the generators. But all generators do not have the same effect (sensitivity) on the power flow of the congested lines, so it is not an economical way to reschedule output power of all generators for managing congestion. Thus, in this article, active and reactive power generator sensitivity factors of the generators to the congested lines have been used to determine the number of generators participating in congestion management. Second, a particle swarm optimization based algorithm has been suggested to minimize the deviations of rescheduled values of active power and reactive power of generators from scheduled values, considering voltage stability enhancement and voltage profile improvement criteria. Thus, rescheduling costs of active power and reactive power were minimized by particle swarm optimization. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm have been tested on IEEE 30-bus and New England 39-bus systems, and the obtained results have been compared with previous literature in terms of solution quality.